GLOBAL ENERGY FLOWS

Annual global energy supply and consumption by source and sector. Values shown in TWh per year. Verified 13 Jul 2026: fossil fuels/nuclear/hydro/wind/solar from EI Statistical Review of World Energy 2026 (2025 data); bioenergy from World Bioenergy Association GBSR 2025, IEA-basis (2023 data, most recent full breakdown available); geothermal and other renewables from IEA/ThinkGeoEnergy/REN21 GSR 2025. Sector-level consumption shares are held at their prior baseline proportions and rescaled to match verified total supply — individual sector totals are not independently re-verified. Hover over any flow or node for details.

177,573
Total energy supply (TWh/yr)
48,241
Rejected / conversion losses (TWh/yr)
129,332
Delivered energy use (TWh/yr)
27.2%
Conversion losses share
Sankey Diagram — Global Energy Supply & Consumption
Left: primary energy supply by source  |  Centre: energy carriers  |  Right: end-use sectors  |  All values in TWh/yr
Energy Supply by Source
Share of total primary energy supply  |  TWh/yr
"Other renewables" = concentrating solar power (CSP) and marine/tidal/wave energy. Geothermal (power generation + direct-use heat) is shown separately. Solid biomass, liquid biofuels and biogas are grouped together as bioenergy.
Energy Consumption by Sector
Share of delivered (useful) energy consumption  |  TWh/yr
Excludes Rejected Energy (conversion & distribution losses) — this chart shows delivered energy actually consumed by each end-use sector. Total consumption (this chart + Rejected Energy) now matches total energy supply.
Energy Supply by Source
SourceTWh/yrShare
Energy Consumption by Sector
SectorTWh/yrShare